Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 19810501 Title: U.S. Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Live map layers in ESRI SDE; live query by URL with parameters and response in XML; web form query with tabular, geographic display and printable format; ASCII, UTF-8, or UTF-16 file download Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://geonames.usgs.gov/ Description: Abstract: The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) actively seeks data from and partnerships with Government agencies at all levels and other interested organizations. The GNIS is the Federal standard for geographic nomenclature. The U.S. Geological Survey developed the GNIS for the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, a Federal inter-agency body chartered by public law to maintain uniform feature name usage throughout the Government and to promulgate standard names to the public. The GNIS is the official repository of domestic geographic names data; the official vehicle for geographic names use by all departments of the Federal Government; and the source for applying geographic names to Federal electronic and printed products of all types. See http://geonames.usgs.gov for additional information. Purpose: The Geographic Names Information System contains information about physical and cultural geographic features of all types in the United States, associated areas, and Antarctica, current and historical, but not including roads and highways. The database holds the Federally recognized name of each feature and defines the feature location by state, county, USGS topographic map, and geographic coordinates. Other attributes include names or spellings other than the official name, feature designations, feature classification, historical and descriptive information, and for some categories the geometric boundaries. The database assigns a unique, permanent feature identifier, the Feature ID, as a standard Federal key for accessing, integrating, or reconciling feature data from multiple data sets. The GNIS collects data from a broad program of partnerships with Federal, State, and local government agencies and other authorized contributors. The GNIS provides data to all levels of government and to the public, as well as to numerous applications through a web query site, web map and feature services, file download services, and customized files upon request. Supplemental_Information: The U.S. Board on Geographic Names was created in 1890 and established in its present form by Public Law in 1947 to establish and maintain uniform geographic name usage throughout the Federal Government. The Board serves all government agencies and the public as the central authority to which name inquiries, name issues, and new name proposals can be directed. It is comprised of representatives of Federal agencies associated with land management and cartography. Sharing its responsibilities with the Secretary of the Interior, the Board develops principles, policies, and procedures governing the use of both domestic and foreign geographic names as well as undersea and Antarctic feature names. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1974 Ending_Date: Present Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition Status: Progress: In work Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.00 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.00 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 72.00 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.00 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: location Theme_Keyword: economy Theme_Keyword: society Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: structure Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme_Keyword: transportation Theme_Keyword: utilitiesCommunication Theme_Keyword: Feature identification Theme_Keyword: Geographic feature Theme_Keyword: Geographical feature Theme_Keyword: Geographic name Theme_Keyword: Geographical name Theme_Keyword: Feature name Theme_Keyword: Official feature name Theme_Keyword: Place name Theme_Keyword: Variant name Theme_Keyword: Feature coordinates Theme_Keyword: Feature state Theme_Keyword: Feature county Theme_Keyword: Feature class Theme_Keyword: Feature history Theme_Keyword: Feature description Theme_Keyword: Feature designation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System, USGS, Reston, VA Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: State Place_Keyword: County Place_Keyword: Territory Place_Keyword: Outlying Area Place_Keyword: Topographic Map Place_Keyword: Commonwealth Place_Keyword: Parish Place_Keyword: Borough Place_Keyword: Census Area Place_Keyword: Municipio Place_Keyword: District Place_Keyword: Populated Place Place_Keyword: Antarctica Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: Current Temporal_Keyword: Historical Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Louis A. Yost Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Chief, Geographic Names Project Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 523 National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648 4552 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gnis_manager@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 0730-1700 Eastern Time Data_Set_Credit: The Geographic Names Information System was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. Native_Data_Set_Environment: The Geographic Names Information System is resident on a Sun database server and a Sun web server with Sun Solaris operating system. The database is an Oracle RDBMS with Oracle Spatial. The web server is Oracle Internet Application Server. Web map layers are served through ESRI Spatial Data Engine (SDE) and an ESRI ArcIMS map service. The system contains approximately 2 million records, averaging 500 bytes in length. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Geodata.gov, Geospatial One-Stop Other_Citation_Details: Geodata.gov is a geographic information system (GIS) portal, also known as the Geospatial One-Stop (GOS) that serves as a public gateway for improving access to geospatial information and data under the Geospatial One-Stop E-Government initiative. Geospatial One-Stop is one of 24 E-Government initiatives sponsored by the Federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to enhance government efficiency and to improve citizen services. See the Geographic Names community in geodata.gov. Online_Linkage: http://gos2.geodata.gov/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unknown Title: The National Map Other_Citation_Details: The National Map, is a seamless, continuously maintained set of public domain geographic base information that serves as a foundation for integrating, sharing, and using other data easily and consistently. The National Map viewer is a Web-enabled portal to all of the geospatial information contained in The National Map. This portal not only supports on-line access to the geospatial information, but also allows the download of digital data and creation of cartographic products. The GNIS supports The National Map as the source for the gazetteer search in Find Place function of The National Map viewer and as active names layers. Online_Linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unknown Title: The National Atlas Other_Citation_Details: The National Atlas summarizes national-scale geographical information and delivers easy to use, map-like views of America's natural and sociocultural landscapes. This digital version revises a large bound collection of paper maps that was published in 1970. The Atlas serves a diverse populace as an essential reference, a framework for information discovery, an instrument of education, an aid in research, and a reliable source of government information. It includes stimulating products and services for children and adults to understand complex relationships among environments, places, and people. It contributes to our knowledge of the environmental, resource, demographic, economic, social, political, and historical dimensions of American life. Though it cannot display detailed map information, the Atlas directs users to other sources for this information. The GNIS provides geographic feature, location, and attribute data to the National Atlas. Online_Linkage: http://nationalatlas.gov/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unknown Title: The National Hydrography Dataset Other_Citation_Details: The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) is a comprehensive set of digital spatial data that contains information about surface water features such as lakes, ponds, streams, rivers, springs and wells. Within the NHD, surface water features are combined to form "reaches," which provide the framework for linking water-related data to the NHD surface water drainage network. These linkages enable the analysis and display of these water-related data in upstream and downstream order. The GNIS provides geographic feature name data to the National Hydrography Dataset. Online_Linkage: http://nhd.usgs.gov/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: National Geospatial Agency (NGA) Publication_Date: Unknown Title: GEOnet Names Server Other_Citation_Details: The GEOnet Names Server (GNS) provides access to the National Geospatial Agency (NGA) database of foreign geographic feature names. The database is the official repository of foreign place-name decisions approved by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names (US BGN). Approximately 20,000 of the database's features are updated monthly. Online_Linkage: http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Census Bureau Publication_Date: Unknown Title: LandView Other_Citation_Details: LandView is a desktop mapping system that searches and maps selected information from the Environmental Protection Agency, the Census Bureau, and the U.S. Geological Survey. LandView contains a large subset of GNIS feature, location, and attribute data for the United States. It is available on DVD. See the LandView web site for information concerning the latest edition and ordering. Online_Linkage: http://landview.census.gov/ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: During Phase I data compilation, a random sample of 10% of the entries in the system were visually verified against the compilation source data (large-scale USGS topographic maps) to ensure an accuracy rate of at least 95%. Subsequent data compilation and input processes ensure accuracy with programmed validation checks for format and content, visual examination, and spot checks of data. Logical_Consistency_Report: During Phase I data compilation, a random sample of 10% of the entries in the system were visually verified against the compilation source data (large-scale USGS topographic maps) to ensure logical consistency of locative references (geographic coordinates, topographic map, and county. Subsequent data compilation and input processes include programmed validation checks for logical consistency, visual examination, and spot checks of data. Completeness_Report: This dataset contains information about United States physical and cultural geographic features of all types and classes, with the exception of most roads and highways. Subsequent to the original data compilation process, which was taken primarily from Federal maps, the GNIS has become dependent on input from Federal, State, county, and local government agencies and other approved sources. The completeness, currency, and accuracy of the data varies by area depending on the quality and timeliness of that input. Accordingly, the Geographic Names Project actively seeks to expand partnerships with Government agencies at all levels and other interested organizations. The latest tools and methodologies are being applied, including web map and feature services, and joint or linked web applications, to ensure that local data are properly represented in the GNIS and through the GNIS to all Federal agencies and to the public. Feature additions or corrections are accepted for consideration from any source, and when validated by appropriate agencies, will be entered into the database. Local and State agencies are encouraged to submit data and to participate in the GNIS partnership program. Non-government organizations with valuable data are considered on a case basis. Authorized partners have access to web based transaction entry and edit forms, which submit data directly to the GNIS for review and inclusion in the database. Partners also submit batch files in most standard formats, and coordinate with the Geographic Names Project to develop joint services, processes, and applications for greatest efficiency. Data entered into the GNIS immediately is available to all web services and applications dependent on it. For additional information or to request user accounts for entry and edit of production data and web seminar training, contact gnis_manager@usgs.gov. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Accuracy of these digital data is based upon the use of printed or electronic source graphics which are compiled to meet National Map Accuracy Standards. Comparison to the graphic source is used as control to assess digital positional accuracy. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unknown Title: 1:24,000-scale topographic maps Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: Unknown Ending_Date: present Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS Source_Contribution: Feature names and attribute data. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Records of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names Type_of_Source_Media: card, paper, and electronic files Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1890 Ending_Date: present Source_Currentness_Reference: Creation date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USBGN Source_Contribution: Feature names and attribute information Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Forest Service Publication_Date: Unknown Title: U.S. Forest Service 1:24,000-scale topographic maps and visitor maps Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: Unknown Ending_Date: Present Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USFS Source_Contribution: Feature names and attribute information Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Ocean Service (NOS) Publication_Date: Unknown Title: National Ocean Service charts Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: Unknown Ending_Date: Present Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA/NOS Source_Contribution: Feature names and attribute information Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: The State Names Authorities Originator: Council of Geographic Names Authorities (COGNA) Originator: U.S. Forest Service Originator: National Ocean Service (NOS) Originator: National Park Service (NPS) Originator: Other Federal, state and local agencies Originator: Public Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Unknown Other_Citation_Details: Since the original data compilation was completed from the original sources, GNIS accepts data or data changes for consideration from any source, and upon validation by the Board on Geographic Names or the appropriate Federal or state agency, will enter the data into the database. The GNIS has an active data gathering and maintenance program. A web-based data entry and edit application allows authorized users to submit transaction data directly for validation and entry into the database, where it immediately becomes available to all web services and applications. A test and demonstration site with no connection to production data is available for review, training, and familiarization. Batch files will be accepted in most standard formats. Government agencies at all levels are encouraged to join this program. Other organizations and individuals will be considered on a case basis. For additional information or to request user accounts for entry and edit of production data and web seminar training, contact gnis_manager@usgs.gov. Type_of_Source_Media: Multiple electronic or text media types. Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: Unknown Ending_Date: Unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: Unknown Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Various Source_Contribution: Feature names and attribute information Process_Step: Process_Description: GNIS Phase I data compilation and edit - Feature name and attribute data were collected from the largest-scale USGS topographic maps available. These data are compared to the records of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USBGN Process_Date: 198105 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Roger L. Payne Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Chief, Geographic Names Project Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 523 National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648 4552 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gnis_manager@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 0730-1700 Eastern Time Process_Step: Process_Description: GNIS Phase II data compilation and edit - Feature name and attribute data are collected from official state and local sources and other approved sources including historical maps and documents. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USBGN Process_Date: Not complete Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Louis A. Yost Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Chief, Geographic Names Project Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 523 National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648 4552 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gnis_manager@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 0730-1700 Eastern Time Process_Step: Process_Description: GNIS Maintenance program - Federal and state maintenance cooperators submit new and corrected data in conjunction with their mapping and geographical information system data maintenance programs. The GNIS has an active data gathering and maintenance program. A web-based data entry and edit application allows authorized users to submit transaction data directly for validation and entry into the database, where it immediately becomes available to all web services and applications. A test and demonstration site with no connection to production data is available for review, training, and familiarization. Batch files will be accepted in most standard formats. Government agencies at all levels are encouraged to join this program. Other organizations and individuals will be considered on a case basis. For additional information or to request user accounts for entry and edit of production data and web seminar training, contact gnis_manager@usgs.gov or the individual below. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USBGN Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USFS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Various Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA/NOS Process_Date: Not complete Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Louis A. Yost Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Chief, Geographic Names Project Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 523 National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648 4552 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gnis_manager@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 0900-1700 Eastern time Process_Step: Process_Description: Partnerships - the Geographic Names Project enters into partnerships with State names authorities and State and local GIS agencies to integrate name, location, and attribute data in the GNIS with State and local datasets. These partnerships utilize GIS and web technology to automate and simplify data maintenance, ensure data consistency, integrity, and accuracy, and meet the requirements of the Board on Geographic Names for national names standardization. Government agencies at all levels are encouraged to join this program. Other organizations and individuals will be considered on a case basis. For additional information contact the individual below. Process_Date: Not complete Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Louis A. Yost Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Chief, Geographic Names Project Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 523 National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648 4552 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gnis_manager@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 0730-1700 Eastern Time Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Features are located by State and county, and related to the USGS topographic map on which the feature is shown. Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Area point SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Node, planar graph SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Complete chain SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.00028 Longitude_Resolution: 0.00028 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: decimal degrees Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Geographic feature Entity_Type_Definition: A geographic feature is any relatively permanent part of the natural or manmade landscape or seascape that has recognizable identity within a particular cultural context. The primary attributes of a geographic feature are name and location. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Principles, Policies, and Procedures: Domestic Geographic Names, By Donald J. Orth, Executive Secretary, Domestic Geographic Names (emeritus) and Roger L. Payne, Executive Secretary, United States Board on Geographic Names and Domestic Geographic Names, Third printing (revised) and Preliminary Online Edition, 1997 (http://geonames.usgs.gov/docs/pro_pol_pro.pdf). Attribute: Attribute_Label: Feature Identifier Attribute_Definition: A permanent, unique number assigned to a geographic feature for the sole purpose of uniquely identifying that feature as a record in any information system database, dataset, file, or document and for distinguishing it from all other feature records so identified. The number is assigned sequentially (highest existing number plus one) to new records as they are created in the Geographic Names Information System. The number, by design, carries no information or association to the content of the feature record and therefore is not subject to change as attribute values change. Once assigned to a feature, the number is never changed or withdrawn, and never reassigned. The Feature ID can be applied in conjunction with system-unique record identifiers in any database or system, thus providing a national standard common reference identifier across multiple datasets. The Feature ID is stored in the GNIS database as an integer with a maximum of ten digits. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9,999,999,999 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Feature Name Attribute_Definition: A geographic feature name and its written form and application approved or recognized as official by the United States Board on Geographic Names for use throughout the Federal Government. The official name is established either by policy or by decision of the Board on Geographic Names. It is the proper name, specific term, or expression by which a particular geographic entity is, or was, known. A geographic feature may have only one official name, which must be the name applied to the feature on all Federal products, electronic or printed. Attribute_Definition_Source: Principles, Policies, and Procedures: Domestic Geographic Names, By Donald J. Orth, Executive Secretary, Domestic Geographic Names (emeritus) and Roger L. Payne, Executive Secretary, United States Board on Geographic Names and Domestic Geographic Names, Third printing (revised) and Preliminary Online Edition, 1997 (http://geonames.usgs.gov/docs/pro_pol_pro.pdf). Attribute_Domain_Values: Codeset_Domain: Codeset_Name: Principles, Policies, and Procedures: Domestic Geographic Names Codeset_Source: Principles, Policies, and Procedures: Domestic Geographic Names, By Donald J. Orth, Executive Secretary, Domestic Geographic Names (emeritus) and Roger L. Payne, Executive Secretary, United States Board on Geographic Names and Domestic Geographic Names, Third printing (revised) and Preliminary Online Edition, 1997 (http://geonames.usgs.gov/docs/pro_pol_pro.pdf). Beginning_Date_of_Attribute_Values: 18900804 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Feature Variant Name Attribute_Definition: A variant name is a current or historical name or spelling for a geographic feature other than its official name determined by an authoritative source to be useful for reference to, identification of, or location of a geographic feature, and which is supported by documentary or physical evidence or references as defined in the Names Data Users Guide. A geographic feature may have any number of variant names. Attribute_Definition_Source: Principles, Policies, and Procedures: Domestic Geographic Names, By Donald J. Orth, Executive Secretary, Domestic Geographic Names (emeritus) and Roger L. Payne, Executive Secretary, United States Board on Geographic Names and Domestic Geographic Names, Third printing (revised) and Preliminary Online Edition, 1997 (http://geonames.usgs.gov/docs/pro_pol_pro.pdf). Attribute_Domain_Values: Codeset_Domain: Codeset_Name: Principles, Policies, and Procedures: Domestic Geographic Names Codeset_Source: Principles, Policies, and Procedures: Domestic Geographic Names, By Donald J. Orth, Executive Secretary, Domestic Geographic Names (emeritus) and Roger L. Payne, Executive Secretary, United States Board on Geographic Names and Domestic Geographic Names, Third printing (revised) and Preliminary Online Edition, 1997 (http://geonames.usgs.gov/docs/pro_pol_pro.pdf). Beginning_Date_of_Attribute_Values: 18900804 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Primary Point Attribute_Definition: The official feature location is a single point to which the official feature name is associated in order to ensure positive and unique identification and association, also referred to as the primary point. The location is determined by the authoritative source and is approved or recognized as official by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names by decision or by policy delegation to the authoritative source. The placing of the location point is governed by policies of the Board as defined in the Names Data Users Guide and GNIS metadata, generally at or near the geographic center, but there are exceptions for certain classes of features. For example, the official feature location of flowing bodies of water (streams, rivers, creeks, etc.) or trending linear features (valleys, gulchs, gullys, hollows, etc.) is at the mouth. A geographic feature may have only one official location regardless of size, extent, composition, structure, or boundaries. The location point is coincident with, but in addition to and independent of, any other geospatial representation or boundary definition that may be attached to the feature in other datasets. Linear and aerial features may have secondary points as defined in the Names Data Users Guide and GNIS metadata. Locations are stored in the Geographic Names Information System as latitude and longitude in decimal degrees to seven places, North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), and are available in geospatial format as needed. (Note: Records showing all zeros for latitude and longitude indicate that the coordinates of the feature are unknown. They are recorded in the database as zeros to satisfy the format requirements of a numerical data type. They are not errors and do not reference the actual geographic coordinates at 0 latitude, 0 longitude.) Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -90.0000000 latitude Range_Domain_Maximum: 72.0000000 latitude Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0000001 Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -180.0000000 longitude Range_Domain_Maximum: 180.0000000 longitude Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0000001 Beginning_Date_of_Attribute_Values: 1890 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Secondary Point Attribute_Definition: The latitude and longitude of a point locating a linear or areal geographic feature on a map of the USGS National Base Map series (at a scale of 1:24000 or 1:25000) other than the map containing the primary point. With one exception (i.e., the point representing the source of a stream, valley or arroyo may be on the same map as the primary point) a feature is assigned one point per map on which it is located. The points are sequenced. Sequence number one is always the primary point and the remaining points are secondary points. For a linear feature with feature class equal to valley, stream, or arroyo, the points are sequenced from mouth toward the source and the highest sequence number is the source. For other linear features and for areal features, secondary points are sequenced according to guidelines of the U.S. Board On Geographic Names. The location of the point on the feature within the map is arbitrary. This method of associating features with maps was conceived prior to geographic information system technology and has been retained as a useful approximation of feature extent and a reference to printed maps. These points do not represent boundaries or geometries and should not be confused with them. Secondary points are stored in the Geographic Names Information System as latitude and longitude in decimal degrees to seven places, North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), and are available in geospatial format as needed. (Note: Records showing all zeros for latitude and longitude indicate that the coordinates of the feature are unknown. They are recorded in the database as zeros to satisfy the format requirements of a numerical data type. They are not errors and do not reference the actual geographic coordinates at 0 latitude, 0 longitude.) Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -90.0000000 Range_Domain_Maximum: 72.0000000 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0000001 Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -180.0000000 Range_Domain_Maximum: 180.0000000 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0000001 Beginning_Date_of_Attribute_Values: 1890 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Country Attribute_Definition: The country or countries containing the geographic feature. This dataset contains features in the United States and territories, features in Canada or Mexico that extend into the United States, and features in the following associated areas of the United States: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Republic of Palau. The dataset also contains features in Antarctica, which for data purposes is treated as a country. This is relational data, not spatial data. The data owner specifies the value(s) associated with each geographic feature. Values are represented by country name and country alpha code. These data applies particularly to features for which there is no known, recognized, standard, or available boundary data. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: United States (US) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: United States Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 10-4, Countries, Dependencies, Areas Of Special Sovereignty, And Their Principal Administrative Divisions, U.S. Department Of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute Of Standards And Technology. Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Canada (CA) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Canada Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 10-4, Countries, Dependencies, Areas Of Special Sovereignty, And Their Principal Administrative Divisions, U.S. Department Of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute Of Standards And Technology. Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mexico (MX) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mexico Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 10-4, Countries, Dependencies, Areas Of Special Sovereignty, And Their Principal Administrative Divisions, U.S. Department Of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute Of Standards And Technology. Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Micronesia (FM) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Federated States of Micronesia Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 10-4, Countries, Dependencies, Areas Of Special Sovereignty, And Their Principal Administrative Divisions, U.S. Department Of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute Of Standards And Technology. Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Marshall Islands (RM) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Republic of the Marshall Islands Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 10-4, Countries, Dependencies, Areas Of Special Sovereignty, And Their Principal Administrative Divisions, U.S. Department Of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute Of Standards And Technology. Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Palau (PS) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Republic of Palau. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 10-4, Countries, Dependencies, Areas Of Special Sovereignty, And Their Principal Administrative Divisions, U.S. Department Of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute Of Standards And Technology. Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Antarctica (AY) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Antarctica Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 10-4, Countries, Dependencies, Areas Of Special Sovereignty, And Their Principal Administrative Divisions, U.S. Department Of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute Of Standards And Technology. Attribute: Attribute_Label: State Attribute_Definition: The State or States or State equivalents containing the geographic feature. This dataset contains features in States of the United States, the District of Columbia, territories, outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas. This is relational data, not spatial data. The data owner specifies the value(s) associated with each geographic feature. Values are represented by state name, state numeric code, and state alpha code. The primary State is the State containing the primary point and is assigned sequence number one. Secondary States are those other than the primary State containing the feature and are sequenced according to guidelines of the Board on Geographic Names, consistent with the primary and secondary counties containing the feature. For linear features (streams, valleys, arroyos) the sequencing is from mouth toward source. This data may be particularly helpful for features having no known, recognized, standard, or available boundary data. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523. Attribute_Domain_Values: Codeset_Domain: Codeset_Name: Codes for the Identification of the States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Insular Areas of the United States. Codeset_Source: INCITS 38:200x, (Formerly FIPS 5-2) Codes for the Identification of the States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Insular Areas of the United States. Attribute: Attribute_Label: County Attribute_Definition: The county or counties or county equivalents containing the geographic feature. This dataset contains features in counties or county equivalents of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, territories, outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas. This is relational data, not spatial data. The data owner specifies the value(s) associated with each geographic feature. Values are represented by county name and county numeric code. The primary county is the county containing the primary point and is assigned sequence number one. Secondary counties are those other than the primary county containing the feature and are sequenced according to guidelines of the Board on Geographic Names. For linear features (streams, valleys, arroyos) the sequencing is from mouth toward source. This data applies particularly to features for which there is no known, recognized, standard, or available boundary data. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523. Attribute_Domain_Values: Codeset_Domain: Codeset_Name: Codes for the Identification of Counties and Equivalent Entities of the United States, its Possessions, and Insular Areas Codeset_Source: INCITS 31:200x, (Formerly FIPS 6-4) Codes for the Identification of Counties and Equivalent Entities of the United States, its Possessions, and Insular Areas. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Feature Class Attribute_Definition: A feature class is a designation for a group of features in a broadly defined descriptive category. All features are assigned to one and only one class. They do not individually classify all kinds of cultural and natural features. By design, there are no Federal or industry standards or guidelines for feature classification. These classifications originally were developed for mainframe file structure search purposes. Although the terms are generally consistent with dictionary definitions, they may not conform exactly and are not always intuitive. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute_Domain_Values: Codeset_Domain: Codeset_Name: Feature class values and definitions for the Geographic Names Information System (http://geonames.usgs.gov). See Definitions (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:8). Codeset_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute: Attribute_Label: Feature Designation Attribute_Definition: A feature designation is assigned to a feature or group of features to define further and classify feature functions, purpose, and attributes. For example, a feature designated historical is one that once existed but has ceased to exist, is no longer apparent on the landscape, and/or no longer serves its original purpose. Other examples include State Capitol, County Seat, Independent City, and Subdivision. A feature may have more than one designation. Designations and their definitions will be added as needed. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute_Domain_Values: Codeset_Domain: Codeset_Name: Feature designation values and definitions for the Geographic Names Information System (http://geonames.usgs.gov). Codeset_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute: Attribute_Label: Feature Description Attribute_Definition: A feature description is amplifying, clarifying, or unusual characteristics of or information about a feature or the feature data in the Geographic Names Information System. This is unstructured textual data entered when available and not present for all entries. Additional information from any source is welcome. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523. Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Unstructured text data. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Feature History Attribute_Definition: A feature history is a description of the name origin, and physical and/or cultural history of a feature. This is unstructured textual data entered when available and not present for all entries. Additional information from any source is welcome. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523. Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Unstructured text data. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation Attribute_Definition: The elevation above sea level of the feature at the primary point (positive number) or depth of a feature at the lowest point below sea level (negative number). By default, elevations are provided in meters. For custom data extracts, elevations can be provided in either feet or meters depending on user requirements. Elevation figures are not official and do not represent precisely measured or surveyed values. The data are extracted from the National Elevation Dataset (http://ned.usgs.gov/) for the primary coordinates and may differ from elevations cited in other sources. The differences will be most evident for features such as summits where precision is of more concern and where the local relief (rate of change of elevation) may be more prominent. However, the elevation figures are within tolerances for the data for most points and sufficiently accurate for purposes of general information. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -4,115 Range_Domain_Maximum: 6,250 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: USGS Map Name Attribute_Definition: The name of the standard USGS 7.5x7.5 minute quadrangle map(s) containing the representation of the feature. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523. Attribute_Domain_Values: Codeset_Domain: Codeset_Name: The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Codeset_Source: The official database of names assigned to standard USGS products according to USGS policy and procedures, including standard 7.5x7.5 minute quadrangle maps and digital products. Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute: Attribute_Label: Census Code Attribute_Definition: Originally the "Place Code," a five-digit feature record identifier in the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 55 database, but now used only for internal purposes by the Census Bureau and renamed for clarity. To be unique, the Census Code must be preceded by the two-digit State code. The FIPS55 database and data were merged with the Geographic Names Information System. The GNIS Feature ID superseded the Census (Place) Code as the Federal standard unique, permanent, feature identifier and will over time replace it in all Federal systems. Census Codes are retained in the GNIS during the transition, and are viewable and downloadable from the GNIS public web site. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 00001 Range_Domain_Maximum: 99999 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Census Class Code Attribute_Definition: Formerly the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 55-3 Class Code. The FIPS 55-3 has been withdrawn as a federal standard. The Class Code now is a nonstandard code maintained by the Census Bureau for internal purposes. It is maintained in the GNIS through collaboration with the Census Bureau and provided through the GNIS products and services for the convenience of other systems that still use it. This code is not otherwise used or referenced in the GNIS. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute_Domain_Values: Codeset_Domain: Codeset_Name: Census Bureau Class Code. See Definitions (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:6). Codeset_Source: U.S. Census Bureau Attribute: Attribute_Label: GSA Code Attribute_Definition: General Services Administration (GSA) location code. Maintained by GSA as a place reference for administrative and personnel purposes. It is maintained in the GNIS through collaboration with the GSA and provided in GNIS products and services for convenience of users. Not otherwise used or referenced by the GNIS. The code is four digits in fixed-length format with leading zeros. The code is only unique within states and therefore may be preceded by the two digit numeric state code to achieve uniqueness. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0000 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9999 Attribute: Attribute_Label: OPM Code Attribute_Definition: Office of Personnel Management (OPM) location code. Maintained by OPM as a place reference for administrative and personnel purposes. It is maintained in the GNIS through collaboration with the OPM and provided in GNIS products and services for convenience of users. Not otherwise used or referenced by the GNIS. The code is four digits in fixed-length format with leading zeros, preceded by the two digit numeric state code to achieve uniqueness, and followed by the three digit county numeric code to define association with the county or counties containing the feature. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 010000000 Range_Domain_Maximum: 999999999 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Bibliographic Reference Citation Attribute_Definition: The authoritative source reference for a feature name or variant in accordance with Board on Geographic Names policies--a document, map, dataset, website, office, or other source, normally but not necessarily of government origin. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute_Domain_Values: Codeset_Domain: Codeset_Name: Bibliographic reference descriptions for the Geographic Names Information System (http://geonames.usgs.gov). Codeset_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute: Attribute_Label: BGN Decision Date Attribute_Definition: The year or date of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names decision concerning the name. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: BGN decision year or date Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date Created Attribute_Definition: The date the geographic feature record was initially committed to the database and made available through GNIS products and services. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Record create date Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date Edited Attribute_Definition: The date one or more attributes of an existing geographic feature record were last edited. The attributes edited are not specified. Attribute_Definition_Source: Geographic Names Project, USGS, 523 National Center, Reston, VA 20192-0523 (gnis_manager@usgs.gov). Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Record last edited date Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Geographic Names Project, U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 523 National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648 4552 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gnis_manager@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 0730-1700 Eastern Time Resource_Description: Document of Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Metadata data Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the USGS regarding the utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The Geological Survey will warrant the delivery of this product in computer-readable format. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: HTML. Format_Information_Content: All GNIS data may be queried, displayed, and/or printed from the public web site Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic Fees: None Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ASCII. Format_Information_Content: Datasets of under 2000 records may be queried and displayed from the public web site and downloaded Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic Fees: None Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Arc SDE. Format_Information_Content: Primary attributes are available from the names layers served through an ESRI ArcGIS web map service. The following are instructions for access by ESRI ArcMap. For other tools, please adjust accordingly. 1) Click Add Data, 2) expand drop-down to GIS Servers, 3) select Add WMS Server, 4) enter the following full URL, 5) click Get Layers, then click OK, (The service is added to the list of available servers), 6) select service if not already highlighted, 7) click Add, 8) select the service again in pop up box, 9) click Add. The layers should appear in the ArcMap table of contents. No data will appear until you zoom in far enough over continental the US. The layers display at varying resolutions. See these same layers in The National Map viewer under the Names category in the layer list. The names layers do not include all attributes. Customized files of large data sets also can be provided on request in most standard formats including shape files. The data is presented in format Arc SDE. Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://services.nationalmap.gov/ArcGIS/services/geonames/MapServer/WMSServer Fees: None Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: XML. Format_Information_Content: Primary attributes are available from the GNIS XML service. Instructions: Insert desired parameter value(s) in single quotes following the equals sign. Do not change or delete unused parameters. Parameter definitions: fname = feature name. (Exact match. Not case sensitive.) state = state name. (Exact match. Case sensitive.) cnty = county name. (Exact match. Not case sensitive.) cell = USGS standard topographic map name. (Exact match. Not case sensitive.) ftype = feature type (class). See the GNIS public query page (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/). The pick list for feature class contains the values. Note that the value (populated place) in the pick list is abbreviated (ppl) in the data. See question 14, How can I acquire GNIS data?, of our FAQ (http://geonames.usgs.gov/domestic/faqs.htm) for more details and sample URLs. As currently implemented, it is for relatively small data set queries not for mass downloads. It does not include all attributes. Customized files of large data sets also can be provided on request in most standard formats. The data is presented in format XML. Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnis/x?fname=&state=&cnty=&cell=&ftype= Fees: None Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ASCII. Format_Information_Content: Data extract files for States and territories are available for download via web browser. Topical extracts of the data base are also available: the U.S. Populated Places File lists information about all communities throughout the United States that are described in the database; the U.S. Concise File lists information about major physical and cultural features throughout the United States that are described in the database; the Historical Features File lists information about features which are no longer in existence and/or no longer serve their original purpose; the All Names File lists all names, both official and nonofficial (variant), for all features in the nation; and the Antarctica File contains entries throughout the continent of Antarctica as approved for use by the United States Government. The data is presented in format ASCII, UTF-8, or UTF-16. Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://geonames.usgs.gov/ Fees: None Custom_Order_Process: Custom data sets may be requested in most standard formats including ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16, shape, .xls, and Oracle extract. Contact gnis_manager@usgs.gov Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20090818 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Louis A. Yost Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Chief, Geographic Names Project Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 523 National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 20192 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648 4552 Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998